6 research outputs found

    Modeling and Simulation in Microwave-Photonics Applications

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    In this chapter, with the goal to recover an optimal mean for computer-aided modeling and simulating a newer class of microwave-photonics-based radio electronic apparatuses, a number of comparative simulation experiments for the basic microwave band electronic devices and systems using well-known software tools referred to photonic design automation or upgraded electronic design automation platforms are carried out. As a result, it is shown that exploiting the software of upgraded electronic design automation platform provides significantly better accuracy of calculations for the devices and systems of this class

    Design and Optimization of Photonics-Based Beamforming Networks for Ultra-Wide mmWave-Band Antenna Arrays

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    In this chapter, we review the worldwide progress referred to designing optical beamforming networks intended to the next-generation ultra-wideband millimeter-wave phased array antennas for incoming fifth-generation wireless systems, which in recent years is under the close attention of worldwide communication community. Following the tendency, we study in detail the design concepts below true-time-delay photonics beamforming networks based on switchable or continuously tunable control. Guided by them, we highlight our NI AWRDE CAD-based simulation experiments in the frequency range of 57–76Β GHz on design of two 16-channel photonics beamforming networks using true-time-delay approach. In the first scheme of the known configuration, each channel includes laser, optical modulator, and 5-bit binary switchable chain of optical delay lines. The second scheme has an optimized configuration based on only 3-bit binary switchable chain of optical delay lines in each channel, all of which are driven by four lasers with wavelength division multiplexing and a common optical modulator. In the result, the novel structural and cost-efficient configuration of microwave-photonics beamforming network combining wavelength division multiplexing and true-time-delay techniques is proposed and investigated

    Computer-Aided Design of Microwave-Photonics-Based RF Circuits and Systems

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    In the process of design, a developer of new microwave-photonics-based RF apparatuses is facing a problem of choosing appropriate software. As of today, the existing optical and optoelectronic CAD tools (OE-CAD) are not developed like CAD tools intended for modeling of RF circuits (E-CAD). On the contrary, operating at symbolic level, modern high-power microwave E-CAD tools simply and with high precision solve this problem, but there are no models of active photonic components in their libraries. To overcome this problem, we proposed and validated experimentally a new approach to model a broad class of promising analog microwave radio-electronics systems based on microwave photonics technology. This chapter reviews our known, updated, new models and simulation results using microwave-electronics off-the-shelf computer tool NI AWRDE to pursue advanced performances corresponding to the last generation of key photonics structural elements and important RF devices on their basis

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹ двиТСния Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ планирования Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ с кинСматичСскими ограничСниями

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    АвтоматичСскоС ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ – Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-тСхничСская Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°, Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ вострСбованы Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… областях: бСспилотный транспорт, роботизированная логистика, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄. Π—Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ (Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚, бСспилотный Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.) Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ словами – Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ кинСматичСскиС ограничСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Одним ΠΈΠ· ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ-распространСнных ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ этой Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ являСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π½Π° конструированиС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² двиТСния, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ удовлСтворяСт кинСматичСским ограничСниям. Π—Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ, Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… этот ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, дСлаСтся Π½Π° сокращСнии ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ (эвристичСский поиск), ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом сам Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ доступных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² считаСтся Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π½Π΅. Π’ этой ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅, ΠΌΡ‹ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ ставим своСй Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ провСсти исслСдованиС ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· влияния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… доступных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² двиТСния Π½Π° качСство Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ планирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ фиксированном Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅ поиска. Π’ частности, Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ 3 Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² двиТСния для колСсного Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Π° с Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ качСствС Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° поиска ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ извСстный Π² искусствСнном ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ A*. ΠšΠ°Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ оцСниваСтся ΠΏΠΎ 6 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ врСмя планирования, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ. На основании ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ…, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… наибольшСС влияниС Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ планирования, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² двиТСния, использованиС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… позволяСт Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒ баланса ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° планирования ΠΈ качСством отыскиваСмых Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ

    Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the Martian atmosphere

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    Stable isotope ratios of H, C, and O are powerful indicators of a wide variety of planetary geophysical processes, and for Mars they reveal the record of loss of its atmosphere and subsequent interactions with its surface such as carbonate formation. We report in situ measurements of the isotopic ratios of D/H and O-18/O-16 in water and C-13/C-12, O-18/O-16, O-17/O-16, and (CO)-C-13-O-18/(CO)-C-12-O-16 in carbon dioxide, made in the martian atmosphere at Gale Crater from the Curiosity rover using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)'s tunable laser spectrometer (TLS). Comparison between our measurements in the modern atmosphere and those of martian meteorites such as ALH 84001 implies that the martian reservoirs of CO2 and H2O were largely established similar to 4 billion years ago, but that atmospheric loss or surface interaction may be still ongoing
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