6 research outputs found
Modeling and Simulation in Microwave-Photonics Applications
In this chapter, with the goal to recover an optimal mean for computer-aided modeling and simulating a newer class of microwave-photonics-based radio electronic apparatuses, a number of comparative simulation experiments for the basic microwave band electronic devices and systems using well-known software tools referred to photonic design automation or upgraded electronic design automation platforms are carried out. As a result, it is shown that exploiting the software of upgraded electronic design automation platform provides significantly better accuracy of calculations for the devices and systems of this class
Design and Optimization of Photonics-Based Beamforming Networks for Ultra-Wide mmWave-Band Antenna Arrays
In this chapter, we review the worldwide progress referred to designing optical beamforming networks intended to the next-generation ultra-wideband millimeter-wave phased array antennas for incoming fifth-generation wireless systems, which in recent years is under the close attention of worldwide communication community. Following the tendency, we study in detail the design concepts below true-time-delay photonics beamforming networks based on switchable or continuously tunable control. Guided by them, we highlight our NI AWRDE CAD-based simulation experiments in the frequency range of 57β76Β GHz on design of two 16-channel photonics beamforming networks using true-time-delay approach. In the first scheme of the known configuration, each channel includes laser, optical modulator, and 5-bit binary switchable chain of optical delay lines. The second scheme has an optimized configuration based on only 3-bit binary switchable chain of optical delay lines in each channel, all of which are driven by four lasers with wavelength division multiplexing and a common optical modulator. In the result, the novel structural and cost-efficient configuration of microwave-photonics beamforming network combining wavelength division multiplexing and true-time-delay techniques is proposed and investigated
Computer-Aided Design of Microwave-Photonics-Based RF Circuits and Systems
In the process of design, a developer of new microwave-photonics-based RF apparatuses is facing a problem of choosing appropriate software. As of today, the existing optical and optoelectronic CAD tools (OE-CAD) are not developed like CAD tools intended for modeling of RF circuits (E-CAD). On the contrary, operating at symbolic level, modern high-power microwave E-CAD tools simply and with high precision solve this problem, but there are no models of active photonic components in their libraries. To overcome this problem, we proposed and validated experimentally a new approach to model a broad class of promising analog microwave radio-electronics systems based on microwave photonics technology. This chapter reviews our known, updated, new models and simulation results using microwave-electronics off-the-shelf computer tool NI AWRDE to pursue advanced performances corresponding to the last generation of key photonics structural elements and important RF devices on their basis
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ β Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
: Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ (ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ, Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.) Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ β Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ), ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π½Π΅. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ 3 ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ A*. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ 6 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ
Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the Martian atmosphere
Stable isotope ratios of H, C, and O are powerful indicators of a wide variety of planetary geophysical processes, and for Mars they reveal the record of loss of its atmosphere and subsequent interactions with its surface such as carbonate formation. We report in situ measurements of the isotopic ratios of D/H and O-18/O-16 in water and C-13/C-12, O-18/O-16, O-17/O-16, and (CO)-C-13-O-18/(CO)-C-12-O-16 in carbon dioxide, made in the martian atmosphere at Gale Crater from the Curiosity rover using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)'s tunable laser spectrometer (TLS). Comparison between our measurements in the modern atmosphere and those of martian meteorites such as ALH 84001 implies that the martian reservoirs of CO2 and H2O were largely established similar to 4 billion years ago, but that atmospheric loss or surface interaction may be still ongoing